Você Sabia?!

Este post é dedicado ao meu querido amigo Henrique Pignatari Rosas Mamprin, colunista do Jornal do Meio de Bragança Paulista.

Trabalhamos juntos na rede Yázigi (cada um na sua unidade), e hoje ele segue uma carreira bem sucedida como professor particular.

Em sua publicação do dia 02 de maio, ele abordou um tema muito interessante que trata a variedade de palavras em inglês com apenas uma tradução em português. Veja nos exemplos abaixo listados por ele, algumas palavras que em português usamos a mesma forma, mas que em inglês possuem formas diferentes para explicar ideias diferentes:

1)  Receita culinária: recipe.

Ex.: The cake will turn out fine if you stick to the recipe.

(O bolo vai sair bom se você seguir a receita.)

2)  Receita médica: prescription.

Ex.: It’s hard to understand what’s written in the prescription. The doctor’s handwriting is confusing.

(É difícil entender o que está escrito na receita. A letra do médico é confusa.)

3)  Receita financeira: revenue.

Ex.: The company has tripled its revenue over the past tem years.

(A empresa triplicou sua receita nos últimos dez anos.)

4)  Casamento (com o sentido de “instituição do casamento”): marriage.

Ex.: Celebrities’ marrieges don’t usually last more than five years.

(O casamento das celebridades geralmente não dura mais que cinco anos.)

5)  Casamento (com o sentido de “cerimonia de casamento”): wedding.

Ex.:  More than three hundred people attended Lisa and John’s wedding.

(Mais de trezentas pessoas foram ao casamento de Lisa e John.)

6)  Conhecer (ser conhecido de alguém): To know.

Ex.: I’ve known Edward since we were tem.

(Conheço Edward desde que nós tinhamos dez anos.)

7)  Conhecer (travar conhecimento com alguém): To meet.

Ex.: I’ve changed schools recently, so I haven’t met most of my teachers yet.

(Eu mudei de escola recentemente, por isso ainda não conheço a maioria dos meus professores.)

8)  Entrada (a primeira prestaçao): down payment.

Ex.: The down payment corresponds to fifteen percent of the total value of the car.

(A entrada corresponde a quinze por cento do valor total do carro.)

9)  Entrada (acesso, entrada de prédio,casa etc.): entrance.

Ex.: When I first went to the Louvre Museum it was hard to find the main entrance.

(Quando fui pela primeira vez ao museu do Louvre foi dificil achar a entrada principal.)

10)             Entrada (ingresso, bilhete de entrada): ticket

Ex.: Is it possible to buy movie tickets on the internet?

(É possivel comprar entradas de cinema pela internet?)

Mais um educador fazendo a diferença. Obrigado pela contribuição. 

USED TO

 

USED TO

 

We use 'used to' for habits, situations, or repeated actions in the past but no longer happen.

• I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.
• Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
• I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.
 

 We also use it for something that was true but no longer is.

• There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.
• She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.
• I didn't use to like him but now I do.

 

For present habits and states, we use the simple present:

• They go to work by bus. (NOT They use to go to work by bus)

TO BE USED TO

 

We use 'to be used to' to express that we were/are accustomed to something.

 

It can be: be + used to + noun/-ing

• I was used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time.
• She was used to success.
• They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here. / they aren’t used to living with such cold weather.

 

         

    Time to practice:

      Worksheet

         On line 1

         On line 2

 

 

 

 

Simple Past (To be)

The SIMPLE PAST TENSE is used to talk about a completely finished action in the past.

As mentioned in the other post about Simple Past, we use the auxiliary DID with all the verbs, except for verb TO BE. 

Whenever you want to express something related to “ser/ estar” in the past, we don’t use DID, but WAS/ WERE, which are the past of IS-AM/WERE consecutively.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I was	Eu era/estava
You were	Você era/ estava
He was	Ele era estava
She was	Ela era/estava
It was	Ele/ela era/estava
We were	Nós éramos/estávamos
You were	Você eram/estavam
They were	Eles/elas eram/estavam

Examples:
I was an engineer - Eu era um engenheiro.

Joseph was in his bedroom - Joseph estava em seu quarto.

We were at the classroom - Nós estávamos na sala de aula.

NEGATIVE FORM

FULL FORM	CONTRACTED FORM
I was not	I wasn’t
You were not	You weren’t
He was not	He wasn’t
She was not	She wasn’t
It was not	It wasn’t
We were not	We weren’t
You were not	You weren’t
They were not	They weren’t

Examples:

We were not (weren't) good - Nós não éramos bons.

John was not (wasn't) my friend - John não era meu amigo.

You were not (weren't) at the disco - Você não estava na danceteria.

INTERROGATIVE FORM


Was I? 
Were you?
Was he? 
Was she? 
Was it?
Were we?
Were you? 
Were they? 


Examples:

Where was she? - Onde ela estava?

Were you sick? - Você estava doente?

Was I happy? - Eu era feliz?

Simple Past (DID)

The SIMPLE PAST TENSE is used to talk about a completely finished action in the past.

The auxiliary used in this tense is DID. The auxiliary is only used in negative and interrogative sentences. In the affirmative, we don't use DID but the verbs in the past (check STRUCTURE below).

SIMPLE PAST is commonly followed by adverbs that indicate the past such as: yesterday, last night, last month, last year, a year ago, a few hours ago, a month ago, etc.

We have 2 kinds of verbs in the past: the regular and the irregular verbs. In regular verbs we add –ED (Worked, walked, watched, cleaned, etc.). In irregular verbs, the only way to remember is by practicing and checking a verb list until you memorize them.

REGULAR VERBS - EXCEPTIONS:

1)  In verbs ending in –Y that have a consonant before, we cut the –Y and substitute it by –IED: Study = Studied (different from play, that has a vowel before = played)

2)  In verbs ending in –E, we just add –D: danced

3)  In verbs with one syllable ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, double the last consonant: stopped

4)  In verbs with more than one syllable ending in vowel + consonant that have the last syllable strong (tônica), we double the last consonant: permitted 

IRREGULAR VERBS:

1)  Some irregular verbs don’t change. The context is what indicates if the sentence is in the simple presente or simple past.

SIMPLE PRESENT	SIMPLE PAST	PORTUGUESE
To cut	Cut	cortar
To hit	Hit	bater
To fit	Fit	atacar
To read	Read	ler

2)  Others change one vowel:

SIMPLE PRESENT	SIMPLE PAST	PORTUGUESE
To get	Got	Pegar
To sit	Sat	Sentar
To give	Gave	Dar
To drink	Drank	beber

3)  Still others change completly:

SIMPLE PRESENT	SIMPLE PAST	PORTUGUESE
To be	Was/were	Ser/estar
To bring	Brought	Trazer
To teach	Taught	Ensinar
To feel	Felt	Sentir

STRUCTURE

INTERROGATIVE

DID + SUBJECT + VERB (INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”) + (COMPLEMENT)

Did you watch TV yesterday?

NEGATIVE

SUBJECT + DID + NOT (or DIDN’T) + VERB (INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”) + (COMPLEMENT)

I did not (OR didn’t) watch TV yesterday.

AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT + VERB (regular/ irregular in the past) + (COMPLEMENT)

I watched TV yesterday./ I went to school yesterday.

To watch (regular verb) - watched

To go (irregular verb) - went

Observe that we only used the verb in the past in the affirmative sentence. In interrogatives and negatives the auxiliary DID shows that the sentence is in the past, so we don’t change the verb to past.


We can use DID in affirmative sentences, but to emphasize:

I really liked the movie. = I did like the movie.

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